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Renal Function Test

About Renal Function Test

A renal function test – also called a kidney function test – is a blood and urine test that measures how well the kidneys function in our body. The renal function test measures the presence of proteins and urea nitrogen in the blood and the presence of proteins, blood, or other bacterial infections in urine. Healthcare providers use this test to screen your risk of kidney damage due to other health conditions like diabetes and hypertension.

Functions of Kidneys

·       Filter waste material

·       Regulate fluid levels in the body

·       Regulate blood pressure

·       Regulate salt concentration

·       Produce hormones that work on blood and bones

A renal function test is done to detect the signs of kidney damage. High levels of protein in the blood are the usual signs of kidney disease. Other conditions that affect the functioning of the kidney are diabetes, high blood pressure (hypertension), blood in the urine, pain during urination, and frequent urination.

What is the Renal Function test used for?

The renal function test is used to:

Diagnose kidney disease

Diagnose kidney disease

Determine risks associated with diabetes

Determine risks associated with diabetes

Determine risks associated with  hypertension

Determine risks associated with hypertension

Diagnose other chronic          kidney diseases

Diagnose other chronic kidney diseases

Who should get tested?

A renal function test is recommended to diagnose and treat disorders that affect the functioning of the kidneys. Other health conditions like diabetes and blood pressure also affect the kidneys. Renal function test can be recommended for individuals who are/have:

Age Over 60 years and above

Age Over 60 years and above

Abnormal Kidney Structure

Abnormal Kidney Structure

Family history of kidney diseases

Family history of kidney diseases

High blood Pressure

High blood Pressure

Overweight or obese

Overweight or obese

Use of medications that damage the Kidney

Use of medications that damage the Kidney

Smoke cigarettes

Smoke cigarettes

Other heart/cardiovascular diseases

Other heart/cardiovascular diseases

Test preparation

The blood sample is collected at the lab for testing. A 24-hour urine test is performed where the urine sample is collected for 24 hours by the patient in the container provided. The patient is advised to urinate for the first time normally as they wake up and later collect the urine sample in the container for the rest of the day, and also urinate in the container after waking up the next morning.

Interpretation of results

Parameters

Normal levels

Estimated GFR (eGFR)

Greater than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2

Serum creatinine

0.6–1.1 mg/dL in women and

0.7–1.3 mg/dL in men

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

7–20 mg/dL

Microalbuminuria

Less than 30 mg

Albumin-Creatinine Ratio

Less than 30 mg per gram.

Creatinine clearance

88–128 mL/min – healthy women  

97–137 mL/min – healthy men.

 

Urinalysis

Parameters

Normal values

Color

Colorless to yellow color

Appearance

Clear or translucent

pH

4.5-5.5

Microscopic examination

Negative

Dipstick test

Negative

Urine culture

Negative

Deviation from normal levels indicates the following:

·       The eGFR range below 60 can indicate different stages of kidney functionality and damage.

·       Having higher-than-normal of serum creatinine and BUN levels in the blood increases the risk of kidney disease.

·       Having higher-than-normal levels of urine albumin and albumin-creatinine ratio can increase the risk of kidney disease and other disorders like diabetes and high blood pressure.

·       Having dark or amber-colored urine is usually a sign of kidney disease.

·       High or low pH levels of the urine are an indication of urinary tract infections.

·       The presence of crystals in the urine can be an indication of kidney stones.

·       The presence of blood in urine can indicate infection, and protein indicates kidney disease.

·       The presence of bacteria, red blood cells, or white blood cells in the urine indicates urinary tract infections and other kidney diseases.

FAQs

What is the turnaround time (TAT) for the results of a renal function test?

Test results for a renal function test are usually available after 1-2 working days, although it could take longer at times.

What are the risks associated with a renal function test?

This test is simple and involves negligible risk. After the blood test, you might experience slight bruising, dizziness, or fatigue.

Can any factors influence the accuracy of the renal function test?

Certain lifestyle conditions such as a high protein diet, intense exercise, and certain medications can increase creatinine levels. Other than these, certain disease conditions can also vary the accuracy of the result

What should you do if you have an abnormal renal function test result?

An abnormal renal function test can mean lower levels of eGFR and BUN that indicate kidney disease and other health conditions like malnutrition, severe muscle and weight loss, and chronic illnesses. However, based on your age, family history, medical history, and the medications you use, your healthcare provider may decide a suitable treatment plan.

 

Higher levels of serum creatinine and BUN levels are associated with kidney disease and other health conditions like muscle disease, diabetes, dehydration, heart problems, overactive thyroid glands, etc.

What precautions can be taken to maintain normal levels of different parameters of renal function test?

Lifestyle changes that include reducing red meat, increasing intake of lean protein, staying hydrated, eating more fiber, etc., can be some precautionary measures to maintain normal levels and proper functioning of kidneys.

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